NK(natural killer)cells

-

 A type of immune cell that has granules (small particles) with enzymes that can kill tumor cells or cells infected with a virus

(Human natural killer cell, colorized scanning electron micrograph)

NK cells are the type of lymphocytes.

they are part of innate immunity
amd B-cell and T-cell are the part of adaptive immunity.

there are mainly three types of lymphocytes
(i)Tcells (80% concentration)
(ii)Bcells(5-10% concentration)
(iii)NK cells(5-10% concentration)

NK is differentiated from B-cells and & T-cells Because they have different receptors. (T-cells have their on receptor like CD4 CD8.)
B cells has their on antibodies.
NK cells are not having surface markers.
their cell surface are normal no protein bind or any type of structure on surface.

Bcell and Tcell are involved in processing.
B cell are firstly produce antibodies and then attack on antigens.
thus,T cells killl antigens by binding on their receptors.
but what NK cells do?
they naturally kills to the antigen by the release of cytotoxins.

[what Tç(cytotoxin T cells) cells do?
  they remove damaged of infected tissues. for       that they use CD8 receptor.]

As like Tç-cells Nk cells kills it without help of any type of receptor.
they naturally release cytotoxin and kill the cell. that's why they're called natural killer cells from their work function they killed antigen without any help of receptor.

structure of NK cells
they have normal structure no receptors and full of cytotoxins which works in digestion of antigen inside their body.

properties of NK cells
(i)they bind to the MHC (major histocapability complex)
they bind to the MHC and then only works.
(ii) They release cytokinin from inside of them which alerts other cells that infection occurs ready for the war.
and Because of that cytokinin activation of B-cell and T-cell occurs. so that T-cell and B-cell can do their function(which is to make antibody and kill)
(iii)instead of lacking receptors and surface proteins they identify the infected cells from microorganisms (virus, Bacteria etc.) or dead cells /the cells which are in problem so what they do is just go to those cells and try to remove the infection.
they are having sensors to do this function.

Function of NK cells
T-cell and B-cell are having receptor so that they work as specific immunity.means they are specific for specific antigen. But NK cells are trying to stop everything so they are mor specific like B-cell and T-cell.

Working:- stops Tumor synthesis
(ii)There are too many cells which inhibit foreign body part(organ transplant) but NK cells are the cell which promotes organ transplant
and immunity increases and autoimmune disease and NK cells are work to balance autoimmunity.

some cell create inflamation. they works to compress/suppress that inflamation.
so these are the function of NK cells major is to stop tumour synthesis.

Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

Enteric Viruses

-
Image
Introduction : Enteric viruses are a group of viruses that primarily infect the human gastrointestinal (GI) tract. These viruses are transmitted through the fecal-oral route, either via contaminated food, water, or direct contact with infected individuals or surfaces. The most common symptoms of enteric viral infections include diarrhea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and dehydration. Enteric viruses are particularly harmful to young children, the elderly, and immunocompromised individuals, and the people of area where poor sanitation and water quality which cause cases of acute gastroenteritis and can also lead to chronic conditions in severe cases. Image:1 - Virus Types of Enteric Viruses: 1. Rotavirus The leading cause of severe diarrhea and vomiting in infants and young children. Transmission : Primarily through contaminated water, food, and surfaces, but person-to-person contact is also possible. Symptoms : Sudden onset of vomiting, watery diarrhea, and fever, which can lea...
Read more

Biodiesel

-
Image
Biodiesel Introduction : In the pursuit of sustainable and eco-friendly energy sources, biodiesel has emerged as a promising alternative to traditional petroleum-based fuels. Derived from organic materials, biodiesel offers numerous benefits while reducing environmental impact. In this comprehensive blog, we will explore the history, types, manufacturing process, usage areas, and the myriad benefits of biodiesel. History of Biodiesel : The concept of biodiesel dates back to the late 19th century when Rudolf Diesel, the inventor of the diesel engine, envisioned it running on vegetable oils. However, it was not until the 1970s, during the oil crisis, that research and development efforts gained momentum. Driven by concerns over energy security and environmental impact, scientists and entrepreneurs began exploring alternative fuel sources, leading to significant advancements in biodiesel production. Types of Biodiesel: 1 . Vegetable Oil-Based Biodiesel : This type of biodiesel...
Read more

Bioenzymes 🦠🧫

-
Image
What are Bioenzymes? Bio enzymes are an organic solutions which are obtained by fermentation of fruit/vegetable peels, jaggery & water. Basically, These are perfectly natural cleaning solution to clean your home. They are also called Garbage Enzyme, Fruit Enzyme, Kitchen Waste Enzyme, and Fermented Fruit Juice. Since the process of making the Bio Enzyme is similar to the vinegar-making process, we can also call them natural cleaning vinegar. So, a bio enzyme is produced by Bacteria 🙂 When you hear the word “BACTERIA,” you would normally think of some kind of disease or danger, but some bacteria are beneficial to human health and are helpful for cleaning. They are everywhere, in the soil, dust particles, and even the human body!   There are two types of bacteria, pathogenic (the harmful bacteria) and non-pathogenic (the good bacteria). Bio-enzymes use good bacteria to digest stains, soils & malodours.  How do the Bacteria do that? ...
Read more